Impact of Extreme Weather on Olive Oil Production in Italy

Italy’s renowned olive oil production, particularly in the southern region of Puglia, is currently facing significant challenges due to the effects of severe heat and prolonged drought conditions. This year, the harvest in the province of Foggia is anticipated to decline dramatically, with estimates suggesting a reduction of between 50% and 80% compared to the previous year’s output. Pietro Leone, who oversees an agricultural company in the area, has voiced concerns about the future of olive cultivation.

The Capaccio dam, one of the four crucial reservoirs supplying water for industrial, agricultural, and drinking purposes in the province, has been severely impacted. Typically, this dam is fed by a stream that channels rainwater, ensuring a steady supply. However, this year, the situation is dire: the dam currently holds only two and a half cubic metres of water, a stark contrast to the usual 17 million cubic metres that would have filled it during the previous winter. Compounding the issue, the other three reservoirs are only at 50% capacity.

While olive trees are generally more resilient and require less water than many other crops, the combination of low water levels and temperatures soaring above 40 degrees Celsius for an uninterrupted period of 50 days poses a serious threat to both olive and olive oil production. The viability of this essential agricultural sector is now at risk, prompting urgent discussions about sustainable practices and adaptive measures.

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