The Ongoing Turmoil in Libya: Power Struggles and Political Instability

The Ongoing Turmoil in Libya

Libya has been entrenched in a cycle of conflict and instability since the overthrow of its long-time dictator during the Arab Spring uprisings in 2011. Following a civil war that concluded in 2020, the nation remains fractured, with two rival governments—one based in the west and the other in the east—engaged in a tense and hostile standoff. Recent developments among key political figures suggest that this fragile balance may soon face a significant disruption. A power struggle over control of the central bank, which acts as the financial lifeblood of Libya’s vast oil wealth, has emerged as a crucial point of contention among competing factions.

On Monday, the presidential council of Libya attempted to remove the central bank’s governor, Sadik al-Kabir, through a decree. However, al-Kabir resisted this dismissal, and analysts have noted that the decree lacked legal validity. Despite this, the leader of Libya’s western government supported the council’s attempt, and an announcement was made to establish a new board of directors for the central bank starting Wednesday.

Understanding Libya’s Current Situation

The United Nations-recognized government, led by Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeiba, currently exercises control over western Libya. In contrast, the eastern region is dominated by Gen. Khalifa Hifter, a military leader, and hosts the country’s Parliament along with its own prime minister. Following Hifter’s failed attempt to capture the capital city, Tripoli, which culminated in a cease-fire in 2020, the absence of open conflict has been attributed to strategic agreements between influential figures on both sides. These arrangements have allowed them to divide Libya’s oil revenues, serving their respective interests.

While this power-sharing arrangement has managed to reduce violent confrontations among competing militias, it has not significantly improved the daily lives of ordinary Libyans. The United Nations facilitated a political agreement that placed Dbeiba in power and established a three-member presidential council, designed to ensure representation across Libya’s diverse regions. Although the council and Dbeiba were expected to step down following the establishment of nationwide elections and the unification of the country, the anticipated elections have yet to materialize.